Nurse-Approved Resource
The New Ostomy
Patient Guide
Everything you need to know after ostomy surgery — written with care, reviewed by nurses, and designed to help you feel confident from day one.
750K+
Ostomates in the U.S.
130K
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Understanding the Basics
What Is an Ostomy?
An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening — called a stoma — in the abdomen. This opening allows waste (stool or urine) to leave the body when the normal pathway through the intestines or urinary tract is no longer possible or needs time to heal.
Ostomy surgery can be life-saving and life-changing. People may need an ostomy due to conditions like colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, bladder cancer, or serious injury. Some ostomies are temporary — allowing part of the digestive system to heal — while others are permanent.
Your stoma is the visible part of the ostomy: a small, round, pinkish-red piece of tissue on your abdomen. It has no nerve endings, so it doesn't hurt. A pouching system (ostomy bag) is worn over the stoma to collect output.
You are not alone
More than 750,000 people in the United States live with an ostomy, and approximately 130,000 new ostomy surgeries are performed each year. Worldwide, millions of people are living full, active, and fulfilling lives with an ostomy.
Know Your Type
The Three Main Types of Ostomies
Each type of ostomy is named for the part of the body it involves. Understanding your specific type will help you learn what to expect and how to best care for your stoma.
01
Colostomy
Created from the large intestine (colon). A portion of the colon is brought through the abdominal wall to form the stoma. Output is typically semi-formed to formed stool.
Common reasons: Colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, injury to the lower bowel. May be temporary or permanent.
02
Ileostomy
Created from the small intestine (ileum). The end of the small intestine is brought through the abdomen. Output is typically liquid to mushy, and more frequent.
Common reasons: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, familial polyposis. Hydration is especially important as the colon is bypassed.
03
Urostomy
Created for urinary diversion. A piece of the intestine is used to create a passage for urine to exit the body through the stoma instead of the bladder.
Common reasons: Bladder cancer, neurological conditions affecting bladder function, birth defects.
Your Daily Routine
Caring for Your Stoma
Learning to care for your stoma is one of the most important parts of your recovery. It might feel overwhelming at first — that's completely normal. Within a few weeks, most people find that pouch changes become second nature, taking just 10-15 minutes.
What a Healthy Stoma Looks Like
A healthy stoma is moist, pink to red in color (similar to the inside of your mouth), and slightly raised from the skin surface. It's normal for the stoma to bleed slightly when cleaning. Your stoma may change in size during the first 6-8 weeks after surgery.
Changing Your Pouching System
Your ostomy nurse will teach you a routine specific to your type of ostomy and your body. In general: remove the current pouch gently, clean the skin with warm water (avoid soap, alcohol, or wipes with fragrance directly on the stoma), allow the skin to dry completely, measure and cut your wafer to fit snugly, and apply the new pouching system.
Nurse's Tip
The best time to change your pouch is often first thing in the morning before eating or drinking, when output is typically lower. Keep all your supplies organized and within reach — a consistent routine will build your confidence faster than anything else.
Skin Care Around the Stoma
The skin around your stoma (called peristomal skin) should look like the skin on the rest of your abdomen — healthy and intact. The most important factor is ensuring your pouch fits properly with no gaps between the wafer and the stoma. If you notice persistent redness or irritation, contact your ostomy nurse.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Team
Contact your healthcare provider if your stoma has become significantly darker, purple, or black, if there is heavy bleeding, if you experience persistent skin irritation or breakdown, if your stoma is retracting or prolapsing, or if you see no output for several hours combined with cramping or nausea.
What to Expect
Your Recovery Timeline
Every person's journey is different, but here's a general framework. Be patient with yourself — healing takes time.
Week 1–2 — Hospital & First Days Home
Learning the Basics
Your ostomy nurse will teach you the fundamentals of pouch changes and stoma care. You'll be on a limited diet. Fatigue is normal — rest is your best friend.
Week 3–4 — Growing Confidence
Finding Your Rhythm
Pouch changes start to feel more natural. You can begin short walks and light activity. Your stoma is still settling — keep measuring before cutting your wafers.
Week 5–8 — Building Strength
Returning to Routine
Many people feel significantly better. You may be cleared for driving and returning to work. Avoid heavy lifting until your surgeon gives the green light. Stoma size typically stabilizes.
Month 3–6 — Full Recovery
Living Fully Again
Most physical restrictions are lifted. You've developed efficient routines. Emotional adjustment continues — this is completely normal. Many people find this is when they truly start feeling like themselves again.
Nourishing Your Body
Diet & Nutrition After Ostomy Surgery
One of the most common worries for new ostomates is food. The good news: most people with an ostomy can eventually eat a normal, varied diet. The key is patience and gradual reintroduction.
The First 6–8 Weeks
Start with clear liquids and gradually progress to a low-residue (low-fiber) diet: white rice, white bread and pasta, cooked and peeled vegetables, lean proteins like chicken and fish, bananas and applesauce, and smooth nut butters.
Reintroducing Foods
After the initial healing phase, add new foods one at a time, every 2-3 days. Chew everything thoroughly — this is more important than ever.
Hydration Matters
Staying well-hydrated is critical, especially with an ileostomy. Aim for at least 8-10 glasses of water daily. Oral rehydration solutions can help maintain electrolyte balance. Signs of dehydration include dark urine, dizziness, and dry mouth.
Foods to Approach with Caution
High-fiber vegetables (raw broccoli, corn, celery), nuts and seeds, dried fruits, and very spicy foods may increase output or cause gas. Carbonated drinks may cause gas, while very sugary foods can cause loose output.
Reducing Gas & Odor
Eat at regular intervals, avoid chewing gum and drinking through straws, and eat slowly in a relaxed setting. Many modern pouching systems include charcoal filters that help manage odor effectively.
Your Mind Matters
Emotional Wellbeing After Ostomy Surgery
Adjusting to life with an ostomy isn't just physical — it's deeply emotional. Feelings of grief, frustration, anxiety, embarrassment, and even relief are all completely valid and incredibly common.
Having an ostomy doesn't define who you are. It's something you have — not something you are. And what you are is someone who survived something that required tremendous courage.
Common Emotional Experiences
Grief and loss — It's natural to grieve the way your body used to work. Body image changes — Adjusting takes time but improves significantly. Fear and anxiety — Worries about leaks and odor are extremely common early on and almost always decrease with experience.
Building Resilience
Connecting with other ostomates — through support groups, online communities, or peer support — can be transformative. If feelings of depression or anxiety persist, don't hesitate to seek support from a mental health professional.
Take This Guide With You
Download our free nurse-approved PDF to have all of this information at your fingertips — at home, at your appointments, or on the go.
Download Free PDF GuideLiving Your Life
Returning to Daily Life With an Ostomy
One of the most reassuring truths about living with an ostomy is this: you can do virtually everything you did before. Work, travel, sports, swimming, intimacy, parenting — people with ostomies do it all, every single day.
Work & Career
Most people return to work within 6-8 weeks. There is no obligation to tell colleagues about your ostomy. If your job involves heavy lifting, talk to your surgeon about when it's safe to return and whether a support belt would help.
Exercise & Physical Activity
Exercise is not only possible — it's encouraged. Walking, swimming, cycling, yoga, and even running are all popular among ostomates. An ostomy support belt can provide extra security during physical activity, keeping your pouch in place and protecting the stoma.
Travel
Always carry ostomy supplies in your hand luggage (never checked bags), bring more than you think you'll need, carry a brief medical letter from your doctor, and research where to access supplies at your destination.
Intimacy & Relationships
Having an ostomy does not mean the end of intimacy. Open communication with your partner is key. Practical tips: empty your pouch beforehand, wear an ostomy wrap for discretion, and remember that confidence and communication matter far more than having a stoma.
Swimming & Water Activities
Yes, you can swim with an ostomy. Modern pouching systems are waterproof. Use waterproof tape around the edges of your wafer, wear a support belt or swimwear designed for ostomates, and empty your pouch before swimming.
Tools for Confidence
Ostomy Accessories That Make a Difference
Beyond your basic pouching system, several accessories can improve comfort, security, and confidence in your daily life.
Ostomy Support Belts
Worn around the abdomen to provide support and keep the pouching system secure. Especially valuable during physical activity, sleep, and for added confidence.
Stoma Protectors
Hard or semi-rigid covers worn over the stoma area to protect against accidental bumps and impact. Ideal for active lifestyles, contact sports, and sleeping on your stomach.
Barrier Rings & Paste
Moldable rings that create a custom seal between the stoma and wafer, preventing leaks and protecting skin. Particularly helpful for uneven skin surfaces.
Ostomy Wraps & Underwear
Specially designed garments that hold the pouch close to the body for a smooth profile under clothing. Great for discretion and keeping the pouch secure overnight.
Deodorant Drops & Sprays
Placed inside the pouch to neutralize odor. Available as drops, sprays, and sachets. Many ostomates find these give significant peace of mind in social situations.
Skin Care Products
Barrier wipes, creams, and powders designed specifically for peristomal skin. Help protect against irritation and ensure a good adhesive seal.
Made for Ostomates, by Ostomates
SIIL Ostomy Support Belts
Designed for comfort, discretion, and security. Our belts are crafted from soft, breathable materials and engineered to provide gentle support without bulk. Worn by thousands of ostomates across Europe and beyond.
Available for all ostomy types: colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy.
Explore Our ProductsCommon Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is an ostomy?
An ostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the abdomen that allows waste to leave the body when the normal route is no longer possible. The three main types are colostomy (from the colon), ileostomy (from the small intestine), and urostomy (for urine diversion). More than 750,000 people in the United States alone live with an ostomy.
How do I care for my stoma after surgery?
Stoma care involves keeping the area clean with warm water (no soap directly on the stoma), ensuring your ostomy pouch fits properly with no gaps, changing your pouching system regularly, and monitoring the stoma for color changes. Your stoma nurse will teach you the specific routine for your ostomy type.
Can I exercise and travel with an ostomy?
Yes. Most people return to full activity after recovery, including exercise, swimming, traveling, and working. An ostomy support belt or stoma protector can provide extra confidence and security. Many ostomates run marathons, travel the world, and live fully active lives.
What should I eat after ostomy surgery?
Initially follow a low-residue diet and gradually reintroduce foods one at a time. Most people can eventually eat a normal diet. Chew thoroughly, stay hydrated, and keep track of which foods affect output.
What is an ostomy belt and do I need one?
An ostomy belt provides support, security, and protection around the stoma area. While not medically required for everyone, many ostomates find it gives greater confidence during daily activities, exercise, and sleep.
How long does it take to recover from ostomy surgery?
Physical recovery typically takes 6 to 8 weeks, though many people feel significantly better within 3 to 4 weeks. Full adjustment — including emotional adaptation and mastering pouch changes — often takes 3 to 6 months.
Will people be able to see my ostomy pouch under my clothes?
In almost all cases, no. Modern ostomy pouches are designed to be low-profile and discreet. Support belts and ostomy wraps can provide additional smoothing under clothes.
Can I swim with an ostomy?
Absolutely. Modern pouching systems are waterproof. You can use waterproof tape for extra security, wear a support belt, and choose swimwear that makes you feel confident. There are even swimwear lines designed specifically for ostomates.
You're Not Alone
Support & Resources
Building a support network is one of the most important things you can do as a new ostomate.
Ostomy Associations & Organizations
United Ostomy Associations of America (UOAA) — The leading ostomy support organization in the U.S. Support group finder, educational resources, and advocacy. Visit ostomy.org.
International Ostomy Association (IOA) — A global network connecting ostomy associations worldwide. Visit ostomyinternational.org.
Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) — Find a certified ostomy nurse near you. Visit wocn.org.
Online Communities
Online forums and social media groups can connect you with other ostomates who understand exactly what you're going through. Many people find that these communities provide advice, encouragement, and friendship that makes the adjustment period significantly easier.
Your Ostomy Nurse
Your ostomy care nurse (also called a WOC nurse or stoma nurse) is your most valuable resource. They can help with fitting, troubleshooting, skin issues, product recommendations, and emotional support. Don't hesitate to reach out — that's exactly what they're there for.
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